Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2024; 91(5):264-268 | DOI: 10.55095/achot2024/035

Methods of Measuring Limb Malrotation Following Femoral Osteosynthesis

J. Maléř1, 2, M. Buk3, M. Michna3, J. Skála-Rosenbaum2
1 Lékařská fakulta Univerzity Karlovy v Plzni
2 Ortopedicko-traumatologická klinika Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady a 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Praha
3 Radiodiagnostická klinika Fakultní nemocnice Královské Vinohrady a 3. lékařské fakulty Univerzity Karlovy, Praha

Significant malrotation of the femur after osteosynthesis is a serious complication of treatment and has a number of consequences for the patients and causes deterioration of their quality of life. Therefore, it is necessary to be familiar with intraoperative techniques to control the correct rotation, mostly clinical and radiological, which give us the possibility to minimize rotational errors. In the postoperative period, with even a slight suspicion of malrotation, it is necessary to proceed to its exact verification and, in indicated cases, to perform necessary correction. We recommend one of the CT techniques as a very reliable method, however in younger patients we prefer to use MRI. Early diagnosis of the rotational error and especially its size is essential from the point of view of potential reconstructive surgery, which is then chosen also with regard to the location of the original lesion.

Keywords: femoral osteosynthesis, limb malrotation, methods of measuring.

Received: July 25, 2024; Revised: July 25, 2024; Accepted: August 15, 2024; Published: October 21, 2024  Show citation

ACS AIP APA ASA Harvard Chicago Chicago Notes IEEE ISO690 MLA NLM Turabian Vancouver
Maléř J, Buk M, Michna M, Skála-Rosenbaum J. Methods of Measuring Limb Malrotation Following Femoral Osteosynthesis. Acta Chir Orthop Traumatol Cech. 2024;91(5):264-268. doi: 10.55095/achot2024/035. PubMed PMID: 39496191.
Download citation

References

  1. Aamodt A, Terjesen T, Eine J, Kvistad KA. Femoral anteversion measured by ultrasound and CT: a comparative study. Skeletal Radiol. 1995;24:105-109. doi: 10.1007/BF00198071. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  2. Branca Vergano L, Coviello G, Monesi M. Rotational malalignment in femoral nailing: prevention, diagnosis and surgical correction. Acta Biomed. 2020;91(14-S):e2020003. doi: 10.23750/abm.v91i14-S.10725. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  3. Ehrenstein T, Rikli DA, Peine R, Gutberlet M, Mittlmeier T, Banzer D, Mäurer J, Felix R. A new ultrasound-based method for the assessment of torsional differences following closed intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. Skeletal Radiol. 1999;28:336-341. doi: 10.1007/s002560050527. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  4. Elke R, Ebneter A, Dick W, Fliegel C, Morscher E. Die sonographische Messung der Schenkelhalsantetorsion [Ultrasound measurement of femur neck anteversion]. Z Orthop Ihre Grenzgeb. 1991;129:156-163. German. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1040176. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  5. Gugenheim JJ, Probe RA, Brinker MR. The effects of femoral shaft malrotation on lower extremity anatomy. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:658-664. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200411000-00002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  6. Häller TV, Schenk P, Jud L, Hoch A, Götschi T, Zingg PO. Consistency of 3D femoral torsion measurement from MRI compared to CT gold standard. BMC Musculoskelet Disord. 2021;22:739. doi: 10.1186/s12891-021-04633-7. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  7. Hernandez RJ, Tachdjian MO, Poznanski AK, Dias LS. CT determination of femoral torsion. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1981;137:97-101. doi: 10.2214/ajr.137.1.97. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  8. Chaibi Y, Cresson T, Aubert B, Hausselle J, Neyret P, Hauger O, de Guise JA, Skalli W. Fast 3D reconstruction of the lower limb using a parametric model and statistical inferences and clinical measurements calculation from biplanar X-rays. Comput Methods Biomech Biomed Engin. 2012;15:457-466. doi: 10.1080/10255842.2010.540758. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  9. Choi BR, Kang SY. Intra- and inter-examiner reliability of goniometer and inclinometer use in Craig's test. J Phys Ther Sci. 2015;27:1141-1144. doi: 10.1589/jpts.27.1141. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  10. Jaarsma RL, Pakvis DF, Verdonschot N, Biert J, van Kampen A. Rotational malalignment after intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. J Orthop Trauma. 2004;18:403-409. doi: 10.1097/00005131-200408000-00002. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  11. Jarrett DY, Oliveira AM, Zou KH, Snyder BD, Kleinman PK. Axial oblique CT to assess femoral anteversion. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2010;194:1230-1233. doi: 10.2214/AJR.09.3702. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  12. Kaiser P, Attal R, Kammerer M, Thauerer M, Hamberger L, Mayr R, Schmoelz W. Significant differences in femoral torsion values depending on the CT measurement technique. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2016;136:1259-1264. doi: 10.1007/s00402-016-2536-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  13. Lee DY, Lee CK, Cho TJ. A new method for measurement of femoral anteversion. A comparative study with other radiographic methods. Int Orthop. 1992;16:277-281. doi: 10.1007/BF00182711. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  14. Magilligan DJ. Calculation of the angle of anteversion by means of horizontal lateral roentgenography. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1956;38:1231-1246. Go to original source...
  15. Maléř J, Dľupa V, Buk M, Michna M, Marvan J, Skála-Rosenbaum J. CT analysis of femoral malrotation after intramedullary nailing of trochanteric fractures. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2022;142:1865-1871. doi: 10.1007/s00402-021-03902-3. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  16. Moulton A, Upadhyay SS. A direct method of measuring femoral anteversion using ultrasound. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1982;64:469-472. doi: 10.1302/0301-620X.64B4.7096425. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  17. Murphy SB, Simon SR, Kijewski PK, Wilkinson RH, Griscom NT. Femoral anteversion. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 1987;69:1169-1176. doi: 10.2106/00004623-198769080-00010. Go to original source...
  18. Passmore E, Pandy MG, Graham HK, Sangeux M. Measuring femoral torsion in vivo using freehand 3-D ultrasound imaging. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2016;42:619-623. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2015.10.014. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  19. Rosskopf AB, Ramseier LE, Sutter R, Pfirrmann CW, Buck FM. Femoral and tibial torsion measurement in children and adolescents: comparison of 3D models based on low-dose biplanar radiography and low-dose CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2014;202:W285-291. doi: 10.2214/AJR.13.11103. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  20. Scorcelletti M, Reeves ND, Rittweger J, Ireland A. Femoral anteversion: significance and measurement. J Anat. 2020;237:811-826. doi: 10.1111/joa.13249. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  21. Schmaranzer F, Kallini JR, Miller PE, Kim YJ, Bixby SD, Novais EN. The effect of modality and landmark selection on MRI and CT femoral torsion angles. Radiology. 2020;296:381-390. doi: 10.1148/radiol.2020192723. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  22. Uota S, Morikita I, Shimokochi Y. Validity and clinical significance of a clinical method to measure femoral anteversion. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2019;59:1908-1914. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09733-0. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  23. Waidelich HA, Strecker W, Schneider E. Computertomographische Torsionswinkel- und Längenmessung an der unteren Extremität. Methodik, Normalwerte und Strahlenbelastung [Computed tomographic torsion-angle and length measurement of the lower extremity. The methods, normal values and radiation load]. Rofo. 1992;157:245-251. German. doi: 10.1055/s-2008-1033007. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  24. Weiner DS, Cook AJ, Hoyt WA Jr, Oravec CE. Computed tomography in the measurement of femoral anteversion. Orthopedics. 1978;1:299-306.
  25. Wylie JD, Jenkins PA, Beckmann JT, Peters CL, Aoki SK, Maak TG. Computed tomography scans in patients with young adult hip pain carry a lifetime risk of malignancy. Arthroscopy. 2018;34:155-163.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.arthro.2017.08.235. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  26. Yan W, Xu X, Xu Q, Yan W, Sun Z, Jiang Q, Shi D. Femoral and tibial torsion measurements based on EOS imaging compared to 3D CT reconstruction measurements. Ann Transl Med. 2019;7:460. doi: 10.21037/atm.2019.08.49. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...
  27. Yoshioka Y, Cooke TD. Femoral anteversion: assessment based on function axes. J Orthop Res. 1987;5:86-91. doi: 10.1002/jor.1100050111. Go to original source... Go to PubMed...